STUDI KOMPARATIF TENTANG BANK DALAM PERSPEKTIF SYAFRUDDIN PRAWIRANEGARA DAN M. SYAFII ANTONIO

The Law of Bank Interest is a complicated issue in the study of Islamic economics
because there are differences of opinion among Muslim scholars and intellectuals.
This difference of opinion is divided into two: First, those who forbid bank interest
and equate it with usury, because there are additional elements in loans that cause
inequality and those who provide loans take advantage of the difficulties of the
borrowers. Secondly, the two parties who justify bank interest argue that there is no
similarity between usury and bank interest, where the additional loans obtained are
not consumptive or exploitative, but the additional loans obtained are productive.
This can not be separated from the observations of Indonesian Muslim economists
such as Syafruddin Prawiranegara who thinks bank interest is permissible, while M.
Syafii Antonio believes bank interest is Haram (forbidden in Islam). This research is
entitled "Comparative Study of Banks in the Perspective of Syafruddin
Prawiranegara and M. Syafii Antonio". This study aims to determine the views of
Syafruddin Prawiranegara and M. Syafii Antonio regarding bank interest and
examine the differences, similarities and background of their opinions. This type of
research is library research with qualitative methods. Sources of data used in this
study are: Primary; books or journals that have been written by both figures and
secondary; Books or journals written by other authors related to the biography and
thoughts of the two figures. The data analysis technique was carried out by means of
deductive-comparative, in which this research first explains the arguments of the two
figures regarding usury and bank interest then compared with the comparative
method. The results of this study are: 1. Syafruddin Prawiranegara believes Interest
cannot be equated with usury. According to him, the difference of opinion regarding
bank interest is due to a misinterpretation of the function of money. To determine the
law of interest, it is necessary to first know the function of money itself. The istinbath
(the effort of making a certain law decision in Islam) method used by Syafruddin
Prawiranegara is bil ma'tsur interpretation (interpreting one verse with another or
verses with the hadith of the prophet Muhammad SAW). 2. M. Syafii Antonio is of the
opinion that the law of bank interest is the same as usury. To stipulate the law on
interest, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the stages of the derivation of
the verses of usury. The istibanth method used by M. Syafii Antonio is Maslahah
Mursalah (a phenomenon in which the law decision is still unknown) and Istihsan
(the tendency of considering something which is good). 3. There is no similarity of
opinion between the two figures, but the similarity between the two lies in the
evidence used. The difference of opinion between the two is seen from the results of
ijtihad (making a decision based on the Islamic law) and the istinbath method used