UJI AKTIVITAS IMUNOMODULATOR FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT, FRAKSI N-HEKSAN, DAN FRAKSI AIR EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH TERONG BELANDA (SOLANUM BETACEUM CAV.) SECARA IN VITRO

The immune system is needed to protect the body from foreign compounds. Compounds that play a role in increasing the immune system are called immunomodulators. One of the plants that has the potential as an immunomodulator is the Tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.). Based on previous research, the ethanolic extract of the Tamarillo fruit contains chemical compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins. This study aims to determine the content of flavonoid compounds, total flavonoid content, and immunomodulatory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction, nhexane fraction, and water fraction of ethanol extract of Tamarillo fruit in vitro. Tamarillo fruit powder was extracted with 70% ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The results of the fraction then identified the flavonoid content using the TLC method and the total flavonoid content was measured using the colorimetric method. The immunomodulatory activity test was carried out in vitro by testing the phagocytic activity of macrophages and lymphocyte proliferation. The phagocytic activity of macrophages was measured using the parameters of phagocytic capacity and phagocytic index. The lymphocyte proliferation test was carried out using the MTT assay method and was measured using the lymphocyte proliferation stimulation index parameter. The results of the identification of compounds showed that the ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and water fractions of the ethanol extract of the Tamarillo fruit contained flavonoid compounds. The highest total flavonoid content was in the ethyl acetate fraction of 2.7057 mg EK/g sample. In vitro immunomodulatory test showed that the ethyl acetate fraction, n-hexane fraction, and water fraction could increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages compared to control cells. The lymphocyte proliferation test showed that only the ethyl acetate fraction at concentrations of 500 and 750 g/mL were able to significantly increase cell proliferation compared to control cells. In the n-hexane fraction and the water fraction, the stimulation index (IS) value <2 means that it has no effect on lymphocyte proliferation. This study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the ability to increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages and lymphocyte proliferation. Meanwhile, the n-hexane and water fractions only had the ability to increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages in vitro.