UJI AKTIVITAS IMUNOMODULATOR FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT, FRAKSI N-HEKSANA, DAN FRAKSI AIR EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TIN (FICUS CARICA L.) SECARA IN VITRO

Utilization of natural ingredients as an alternative treatment is a method that is quite popular today and its use is starting to increase. One of the plants that has the potential as an immunomodulator is the fig plant (Ficus carica L.). because it is known to contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids and saponins. This study aims to determine the content of flavonoid compounds based on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), total flavonoid content, and immunomodulatory activity of ethanol extract and fig leaf fraction in vitro. Fig leaf powder was extracted with 70% ethanol solvent and fractionated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents to obtain ethyl acetate fraction, n-hexane fraction, and water fraction of fig leaves. Extracts and fractions were then identified using the TLC-Densitometry method and the total flavonoid content was measured using the colorimetric method. In vitro immunomodulatory activity was measured by means of macrophage phagocytic activity and lymphocyte cell proliferation. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction sample contained the highest total flavonoid content, which was 3.4630 ± 0.04 mgEK/g sample. The results of the immunomodulatory activity test showed that the water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction of fig leaf extract were able to increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages compared to control cells. The n-hexane fraction had the highest phagocytic capacity at a concentration of 750 g/mL (KF = 86.67% ± 1.88). The water fraction had the highest phagocytosis index, which was found at a concentration of 750 g/mL (IF= 4.03 ± 0.45). In the lymphocyte proliferation test, the highest IS value was found in the ethyl acetate fraction sample with a concentration of 750 g/mL with an IS value of 4.64 ± 0.52 and was considered positive because the IS value>3. This study showed that the water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction of fig leaf extract had the ability to increase the phagocytic activity of macrophage cells and were able to increase lymphocyte cell proliferation in vitro.