FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO KANKER PAYUDARA DI RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA

Background : Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. There are various types of breast cancer depending on which cells turn into cancer. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the breast tissue either from the epithelium, mesenchyme or gland. Until now it is still not certain what is the main factor causing breast cancer, but it can only be guessed that the cause comes from a complex interaction of various factors. Objective : To determine the relationship between breast cancer and risk factors for the patient's age, age of early menarche, history of using hormonal contraceptives, and family history. Methods : This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The independent variables studied were the risk factors for the age of the patient, the age of early menarche, a history of using hormonal contraceptives, and family history and the dependent variables for the study were stage I, II, III, IV breast cancer. The samples studied were patients with breast cancer at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital for the period January 2019 - August 2020. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling technique and obtained 40 respondents. Data collection using secondary data from patient medical records and analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis. Results : Of the 40 respondents, the most breast cancer was found to have stage II (42.5%). For age risk factors, most were found at the age of> 40 years (60%) and obtained a p-value of 0.985. The most common risk factors for menarche are those over 12 years of age (55%) with a p-value of 0.101. Then, the risk factors for the history of using hormonal contraceptives were mostly found in women who did not use hormonal contraceptives (57.5%) with a p-value of 0.032. And the risk factors for family history were mostly found in women whose families had no history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer (62.5%) with a p-value of 0.288. Conclusion : There is an association between breast cancer and risk factors for using hormonal contraceptives.