UJI AKTIVITAS IMUNOMODULATOR EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH TERONG BELANDA (SOLANUM BETACEUM CAV.) SECARA IN VITRO

The body has a way to protect itself from pathogenic microorganisms by
developing a defense system. This can be done by providing a compound that can
be used to increase the immune response called immunomodulators. Tamarillo
(Solanum betaceum Cav.) is a plant that has the potential in immunomodulatory
activity because it contains flavonoid compounds. Previous research stated that
tamarillo has relatively high antioxidant activity compared to yellow cherry
tomatoes, red cherry tomatoes, and tomatoes. The ethanol extract of fresh tamarillo
contains chemical compounds of the flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins,
alkaloids, and tannins. This study aims to determine the in vitro immunomodulatory
activity of tamarillo fruit extract seen from the phagocytosis activity of
macrophages and lymphocyte proliferation.
Tamarillo powder extracted with 70% ethanol. Identification of flavonoids
in the ethanol extract of tamarillo using the TLC method. Total flavonoid levels
were measured by visible spectrophotometry using an aluminum chloride (AlCl3)
reagent. The immunomodulatory activity assay was carried out by administering
the ethanol extract of tamarillo with series concentration of 62,5; 125; 250; 500
µg/ml in each sample of macrophage phagocytosis activity and lymphocyte
proliferation. In vitro assay of macrophage phagocytosis activity on mactrophage
cells was carried out by measuring the value of the Phagocytosis Capacity and the
value of Phagocytosis Index of macrophage cells. The lymphocyte proliferation
assay was carried out using the MTT assay method and expressed by the value of
lymphocyte Stimulation Index.
The results of compound identification showed that the ethanol extract of
tamarillo contained flavonoids of 4.3613 mg EK/g. The activity of macrophage
phagocytosis showed that the sample within concentration of 125; 250; and 500
µg/mL significantly increased Macrophage Capacity and Phagocytosis Index
values when compared to control cells. The highest value of Macrophage Capacity
was in the extract with a concentration of 500 µg/mL with a value of 81.66 ± 5.1
and the lowest value of Macrophage Capacity was in control cells with a value of
66 ± 3.6. The highest value of Phagocytosis Index was in the extract with a
concentration of 500 µg / mL with a value of 7.6 ± 0.5 and the lowest value of
Phagocytosis Index was in the control cell, with a value of 3.34 ± 0.1. In the
lymphocyte proliferation assay, sample concentration of 62.5; 125; 250; 500 µg/mL
were significantly able to increase cell proliferation when compared to control cell.
The highest value of Stimulation Index was obtained from the extract sample with
a concentration of 250 µg / mL with a value of 2.20 ± 0.11 and the lowest value in
the control cell with a Stimulation Index value of 1.00 ± 0.18. It can be concluded
that the ethanol extract of tamarillo has the ability to increase the phagocytosis
activity of macrophages and lymphocyte proliferation in vitro