INDIKATOR STATISTIK PELAYANAN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) DI ERA PANDEMI COVID 19 : LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on many aspects of health services, one of which is the change in statistical indicator numbers in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The increase in ICU occupancy rates in France, Spain, and Belgium reached the highest value (around 4.0%) during 21-27 March 2020 and decreased to 1.1%-1.6% gradually during 11- 17 Apr 2020. For In New York State (USA), South Korea, and Japan, ICU occupancy rates decreased by an average of 1% during April 11-17, 2020 (Jen et al., 2021). In Australia, it was known that on April 7-10, 200 data were obtained that there were 100 positive cases, then it was known that there were 120 subsequent cases. The 20 new positive cases will require one ICU treatment. That is, the number of ICU beds needed is approximately 10% of the Total Positive Cases or 50% of the number of new positive cases. WHO estimates that 1 in 20 people infected with Covid-19 will require treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU), which involves the assistance of a ventilator (Anna, 2020). Methods: This study carried out the preparation of a literature review with a systematic technique in selecting searches using international and national databases. Sources of data were obtained from journal searches using databases in journal applications such as PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Elsevier (https://www.elsevier.com) and Google scholar. The library search technique uses keywords that match the research question. Result: Australia noted that the average BOR in the ICU of the Hospital was below the ideal standard of 27.4%, as well as what happened in Saudi Arabia, namely the BOR of the ICU room as much as 50%. Brazil and Canada in the ICU room BOR are at 80% and 80.5%, which means they are still in the category of ideal standard values. Length of stay or Length of Stay (LOS) of Covid 19 patients in the ICU in Canada an average of 14 days, in Mexico an average of 11 days, in Germany an average of 14 days, in the UK an average of 1.78- 13,53 days, in China it varies between 4 – 53 days, in Arab it is an average of 6 days, and in Indonesia, it is an average of 14 days. In Spain, the number of empty beds (Turn Over Interval) in the ICU is on average 28-60 days. This of course can cause harm to the hospital considering that the available beds are more than the ideal standard number of 1-3 days. Conclusion: The Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) has an ideal standard value of 75-85%, but in Indonesia and the UK, the ICU Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) calculation for Covid-19 sufferers is above the ideal standard. The average length of stay or the ideal Length Of Stay (LOS) is 3-12 days, but in this Covid 19 case-patient, the average reaches 14 days, only in Saudi Arabia where the average length of stay is still within the ideal standard value, namely 6 days. For the ideal standard value of empty beds (Turn Over Interval) between 1-3 days but in Spain it reaches 28-60 days, this certainly does not fall into the ideal standard number.
Keywords: Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR), Length Of Stay (LOS), Turn Over Interval (TOI), Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Covid 19